OSPF Series 4: Configuring OSPF, Wildcard in OSPF, Loopback Interfaces and Router-ID and Transit and Stub Networks

Configuring OSPF:

• Configure IP address on an interface as 1.1.1.1/24
• Then enable OSPF using

BGP Series 17: Other BGP Attributes: Origin Code, IGP Metric to Next-hop, BGP Multipath :

Other BGP Attributes: Origin Code, IGP Metric to Next-hop, BGP Multipath :

• Origin Code:

• • BGP routes with origin attribute of ‘i’ > ‘e’ > ‘?’ is the order of preference

  • Usually, we will never see any routes with ‘e’ as origin code since that meant the routes originated on the old EGP routing protocol which is unused

  • In modern scenarios, we will see either routes having Origin code as

  • • ‘i’ which means the routes originated via IGP and was injected into BGP via “network” command or “aggregate-address” command or “neighbor default-originate” command
    • ‘?’ which means the origin is unclear as the routes were redistributed into BGP

BGP Series 16: BGP Attributes: AS_PATH and MED

BGP Attributes: AS_PATH and MED:

.

• AS_PATH Attribute:

• • It is a BGP attribute

  • Shortest length of AS_PATH is preferred when weight and local preference is same

  • It can be used to influence both inbound and outbound traffic

  • With AS_PATH prepending, we can make the AS_PATH longer for a path that is less preferred. Ideally, the local AS is prepended

  • Example:

  • • In below example, we own AS-1 and both our routers ‘a’ and ‘b’ are advertising net-X to downstream neighbor...But, we want the downstream neighbor to choose ‘b’ .

    • Since I can’t change Weight in router ‘c’ which is not owned by me and I cant use local-pref since it is in a different AS

BGP Series 15: BGP Attributes: Weight and Local Preference

BGP Attributes: Weight and Local Preference:

.

• Usually if we want to modify some attributes for best path selection, we will mosify one of these: WEIGHT, LOC_PREF, AS_PATH

• Influencing BGP Weight:

• • It is not actually an attribute since it is not part of a bgp packet

  • It was previously Cisco proprietary (now used by others like Arista as well) and configured locally on a router

  • It is locally significant to the router and is not advertised to any other BGP neighbor as part of BGP Update

  • It can be used to influence the choice of outbound routes

  • It is set on inbound routes (.ie. for updates coming into the router, a weight is set)

BGP Series 14: BGP Path Attributes and BGP Best Path Algorithm

BGP Path Attributes and BGP Best Path Algorithm:

.

• BGP uses different path attributes to calculate the best path to a certain destination

• But, they can also be used for a variety of things other than best path calculation such as AS_PATH attribute for loop-detection, …

• Each path-attribute describes something about the path

• The most common bgp path attributes are:

BGP Series 13: BGP Filtering- Part 2

BGP Filtering- Part2:

• Filter-List Example:

• • Consider the AS-path for a route of Network-X to be 100 200 400 6678
  • One thing to consider is no matter how big the AS_PATH, the beginning should have the ‘^’ symbol and end of every AS_PATH must have the ‘$’ sign

• • This is the simplest AS_PATH regex, but